{"schemaVersion":"turno-glossary-1","status":"machine-approved-pending-RN","createdAt":"2026-10-09","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"metadata":{"status":"machine-approved-pending-RN","audience":"Mexican-trained nurses studying English-language NCLEX-RN material","termCount":300,"authoring":"Original AI-drafted short explanations in English. No official exam questions reproduced.","sourceUse":"URLs identify clinical concept references or exam-language context. English stem-word definitions are original contextual explanations, not quotations or official NCSBN definitions.","reviewGate":"RN content review is required before learner publication.","scopeNotes":["US nursing titles are retained; no equivalence to a Mexican credential is claimed.","Definitions explain language, not treatment, dosage, delegation authorization, or legal advice.","No numeric laboratory ranges, administration instructions, Mexican brand mappings, or audio assets are included.","Drug names are candidate-only vocabulary for later RN/pharmacist review; tags do not authorize a brand substitution.","Exact phrase matching should take precedence over single-word matching; EXCEPT and NOT must remain visible in English.","Reference URLs are supplied for review and attribution, not endorsement. Some Open RN endpoints intermittently returned HTTP 403 to the research tool; their link targets were confirmed from the textbook table of contents."],"attribution":"Concept references include Open Resources for Nursing (Open RN), Nursing Fundamentals 2e, WisTech Open (2024), CC BY 4.0; original explanatory wording drafted for Turno. Other source owners retain their respective rights."},"terms":[{"id":"glossary-24-hour-clock","term":"24-hour clock","aliases":["military time","1500 shift","0700","1900"],"meaning":"US charts write the time on a 24-hour clock with no colon: 1500 is 3:00 in the afternoon, 0700 is 7:00 in the morning, 1900 is 7:00 at night.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-abcde-rule-for-melanoma","term":"ABCDE rule for melanoma","meaning":"Five things to check in a mole: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter over 6 mm, and Evolving — any change. 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A living will states the wishes; a health care proxy names the person. US hospitals must ask about one at admission.","tags":["us-system","us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/advance-care-planning/advance-care-planning-advance-directives-health-care"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["advance directives","living will","health care proxy","healthcare proxy","durable power of attorney for health care"]},{"id":"glossary-advanced-practice-registered-nurse-aprn","term":"advanced practice registered nurse (APRN)","meaning":"An RN with additional graduate preparation and advanced authorization.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/1-4-health-care-settings-and-team/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["APRN","advanced practice registered nurse"]},{"id":"glossary-adverse-effect","term":"adverse effect","meaning":"An unintended harmful effect of a treatment.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-advocacy","term":"advocacy","meaning":"Support the patient's rights, needs, and expressed preferences.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/1-6-legal-considerations-and-ethics/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-affect","term":"affect","meaning":"The emotional expression others can observe.","tags":["mental_health"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-after","term":"after","meaning":"Later than another event or action.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-airborne-precautions","term":"airborne precautions","meaning":"Measures for infectious particles that remain suspended in air.","tags":["infection_control"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/basics/transmission-based-precautions.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-airway","term":"airway","meaning":"The passage through which air moves to the lungs.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/8-2-basic-oxygenation-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-allergic-reaction","term":"allergic reaction","meaning":"An immune reaction to a substance.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-allergy","term":"allergy","meaning":"An immune response to a substance that can range from mild to severe.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-ambulate","term":"ambulate","meaning":"Walk, with assistance if needed.","tags":["basic_care"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/13-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-amoxicillin","term":"amoxicillin","meaning":"A generic name for a penicillin-type antibiotic.","tags":["generic_name_candidate","candidate_only","no_brand_mapping"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a685001.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-analyze-cues","term":"analyze cues","meaning":"Connect information and consider what it means.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://nclex.com/clinical-judgment-measurement-model.page"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-angiotensin-converting-enzyme-ace-inhibitor","term":"angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor","meaning":"A blood-pressure medicine whose name ends in -pril. It protects the kidney in diabetes, and a dry cough or any swelling of the face or tongue is a reason to stop it and report.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["ACE"]},{"id":"glossary-anticipatory-grief","term":"anticipatory grief","meaning":"Grief experienced before an expected loss.","tags":["mental_health"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/17-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-antidote","term":"antidote","meaning":"A treatment that counteracts a particular toxic substance.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-anxiety","term":"anxiety","meaning":"Apprehension or worry that may include physical symptoms.","tags":["mental_health"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-apnea","term":"apnea","meaning":"A pause or absence of breathing.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/8-2-basic-oxygenation-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-area-under-the-curve-auc","term":"area under the curve (AUC)","meaning":"A measure of how much medicine the body is exposed to over time, rather than at one moment. Vancomycin is now dosed to an AUC target instead of to a single trough level.","tags":["laboratory","medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["AUC"]},{"id":"glossary-arterial-blood-gas-abg","term":"arterial blood gas (ABG)","meaning":"A test of arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, and acid-base status.","tags":["laboratory"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["ABG","arterial blood gas"]},{"id":"glossary-as-evidenced-by","term":"as evidenced by","meaning":"Supported by these signs or observations.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-as-needed-prn","term":"as needed (PRN)","meaning":"Given only for the ordered reason and within ordered limits.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["PRN","as needed"]},{"id":"glossary-aseptic-technique","term":"aseptic technique","meaning":"Practices that reduce contamination during care.","tags":["infection_control"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/basics/standard-precautions.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-assess","term":"assess","meaning":"Collect and interpret information about a need.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-assessment","term":"assessment","meaning":"Gathering and interpreting information about the patient.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-assignment","term":"assignment","meaning":"Distributing work already within a person's authorized role.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://www.ncsbn.org/public-files/NCSBN_Delegation_Guidelines.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-assistive-device","term":"assistive device","meaning":"Equipment that helps a person perform an activity.","tags":["basic_care"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/13-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-at-greatest-risk","term":"at greatest risk","meaning":"Most likely to experience the stated problem.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd","term":"attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)","meaning":"A condition of inattention, impulsiveness or overactivity that starts in childhood and affects school, work and relationships. 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On a blood gas it is the metabolic half of the picture: 22 to 26 mEq/L is the usual range.","tags":["laboratory"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["HCO3","HCO3-"]},{"id":"glossary-bid","term":"BID","aliases":["b.i.d.","bis in die"],"meaning":"Twice a day. Two doses, spaced across the waking day rather than together.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-bilateral","term":"bilateral","meaning":"On both sides of the body.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/ccindex/everydaywords/index.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-blood-urea-nitrogen-bun","term":"blood urea nitrogen (BUN)","meaning":"A measure of nitrogen from urea in blood.","tags":["laboratory"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["BUN","blood urea nitrogen"]},{"id":"glossary-bmi","term":"BMI","aliases":["body mass index","Body Mass Index"],"meaning":"Body mass index: weight divided by height squared, in kg/m2. 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Keeping it within reach is a standard safety step.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-care-plan","term":"care plan","meaning":"The agreed goals and planned nursing actions.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-case-study","term":"case study","meaning":"Linked questions about one developing patient situation.","tags":["item_mechanics"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-catechol-o-methyltransferase-comt-inhibitor","term":"catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor","meaning":"A medicine given with levodopa in Parkinson's disease to stop it being broken down too quickly, so each dose lasts longer. It does not work on its own.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["COMT"]},{"id":"glossary-cdc","term":"CDC","aliases":["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"],"meaning":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the US federal agency whose published guidance sets infection precautions, immunization schedules and outbreak rules.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-centimeter-cm","term":"centimeter (cm)","meaning":"One hundredth of a meter.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/metric-si/unit-conversion/approximate-conversions-us-customary-measures-metric"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["cm","centimeter"]},{"id":"glossary-central-nervous-system-cns","term":"central nervous system (CNS)","meaning":"The brain and the spinal cord. A medicine called a CNS depressant slows them down — sleepiness, slower breathing — and two of them together slow them more than either alone.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["CNS"]},{"id":"glossary-central-venous-access-device-cvad","term":"central venous access device (CVAD)","meaning":"A catheter whose tip sits in a large central vein, used for medicines that would damage a small vein, for long courses and for drawing blood. A PICC line, a tunneled line and a port are all CVADs.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["CVAD"]},{"id":"glossary-cerebrospinal-fluid-csf","term":"cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)","meaning":"The clear fluid around the brain and spinal cord. 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COX-1 protects the stomach lining, which is why blocking it causes ulcers; COX-2 drives inflammation and pain.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["COX"]},{"id":"glossary-daily-weight","term":"daily weight","meaning":"A weight measured each day under consistent conditions to compare trends.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-dar","term":"DAR","meaning":"Data, Action, Response: a focused note about findings, care provided, and the patient’s response.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-de-escalation","term":"de-escalation","meaning":"Actions and communication aimed at reducing agitation.","tags":["mental_health"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/1-6-safety/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-decimal-point","term":"decimal point","meaning":"The dot separating whole numbers from fractional digits in US notation.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/metric-si/unit-conversion/approximate-conversions-us-customary-measures-metric"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-degree-celsius-c","term":"degree Celsius (°C)","meaning":"A unit on the Celsius temperature scale.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/metric-si/unit-conversion/approximate-conversions-us-customary-measures-metric"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["°C","degree Celsius"]},{"id":"glossary-degree-fahrenheit-f","term":"degree Fahrenheit (°F)","meaning":"A unit on the Fahrenheit temperature scale.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/metric-si/unit-conversion/approximate-conversions-us-customary-measures-metric"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["°F","degree Fahrenheit"]},{"id":"glossary-dehydration","term":"dehydration","meaning":"The body has lost more water than it has received.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/15-2-basic-fluid-and-electrolyte-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-delegation","term":"delegation","meaning":"Authorizing a qualified person to perform a selected nursing activity.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://www.ncsbn.org/public-files/NCSBN_Delegation_Guidelines.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["delegated"]},{"id":"glossary-delirium","term":"delirium","meaning":"An acute, fluctuating disturbance of attention and awareness.","tags":["mental_health"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/11-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-delusion","term":"delusion","meaning":"A fixed false belief not explained by cultural context.","tags":["mental_health"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/11-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-despite","term":"despite","meaning":"Even though the stated fact is true.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-diabetic-ketoacidosis-dka","term":"diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)","meaning":"High blood sugar with acid ketones in the blood, usually in type 1 diabetes. Fluid comes first, then insulin, and the potassium is watched as the insulin moves it into the cells.","tags":["clinical"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["DKA"]},{"id":"glossary-diarrhea","term":"diarrhea","meaning":"Frequent loose or watery stools.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/16-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-digoxin","term":"digoxin","meaning":"A generic name for a cardiac glycoside medicine.","tags":["generic_name_candidate","candidate_only","no_brand_mapping"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682301.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-dimensional-analysis","term":"dimensional analysis","meaning":"A calculation method that uses conversion factors to cancel units.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-directly-observed-therapy-dot","term":"directly observed therapy (DOT)","meaning":"A health worker watches the client swallow each dose. It is the standard way tuberculosis treatment is given, because a course taken only partly is how resistance develops.","tags":["us-system","infection_control"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/disp_part/default.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["DOT"]},{"id":"glossary-discharge-planning","term":"discharge planning","aliases":["discharge plan"],"meaning":"Arranging what a client needs after leaving the hospital — medicines, equipment, follow-up visits, help at home — and starting it on the day of admission, not the day of departure.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-discontinue","term":"discontinue","meaning":"Stop an ongoing treatment or action.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-discrepancy","term":"discrepancy","meaning":"A difference between records or findings that needs to be resolved.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-distal","term":"distal","meaning":"Farther from the trunk or point of attachment.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/13-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-do-not-resuscitate-order","term":"do-not-resuscitate order","meaning":"An order not to attempt CPR; other care still applies.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/advancedirectives.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-documentation","term":"documentation","meaning":"A recorded account of assessments, care, and responses.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/2-5-documentation/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-doff","term":"doff","meaning":"Remove protective equipment safely.","tags":["infection_control"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/basics/standard-precautions.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-don","term":"don","meaning":"Put on protective equipment.","tags":["infection_control"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/basics/standard-precautions.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-dose","term":"dose","meaning":"The amount of medication to be given at one time.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-drop-down-item","term":"drop-down item","meaning":"A question answered by selecting from a menu.","tags":["item_mechanics"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-droplet-precautions","term":"droplet precautions","meaning":"Measures limiting spread through infectious respiratory droplets.","tags":["infection_control"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/basics/transmission-based-precautions.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-drug-interaction","term":"drug interaction","meaning":"One substance changes another medicine's effects.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-durable-power-of-attorney","term":"durable power of attorney","aliases":["health care proxy","health care power of attorney","durable power of attorney for health care"],"meaning":"A document naming the person who decides for a client when she cannot. That person speaks for her wishes, not for their own.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-during","term":"during","meaning":"While an event or action is happening.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-dyspnea","term":"dyspnea","meaning":"The clinical term for difficult or uncomfortable breathing.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/8-2-basic-oxygenation-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-ecg","term":"ECG","aliases":["EKG","electrocardiogram"],"meaning":"Electrocardiogram: a tracing of the heart's electrical activity. Written ECG, and sometimes EKG.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-edema","term":"edema","meaning":"Swelling caused by fluid in body tissues.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/15-2-basic-fluid-and-electrolyte-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-ehr","term":"EHR","meaning":"Electronic health record: the digital record of a patient’s care.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-emergency-department","term":"emergency department","aliases":["emergency room","ED","ER"],"meaning":"The hospital unit that receives people who arrive unscheduled with an urgent problem. Written ED, and sometimes ER.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-empathy","term":"empathy","meaning":"Recognizing and trying to understand another person's experience.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/2-3-therapeutic-communication/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-escalate-a-concern","term":"escalate a concern","meaning":"Bring an unresolved concern to someone with further authority.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/1-6-legal-considerations-and-ethics/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-evaluate","term":"evaluate","meaning":"Judge the response against the intended result.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-evaluate-outcomes","term":"evaluate outcomes","meaning":"Compare the patient's response with the intended results.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://nclex.com/clinical-judgment-measurement-model.page"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-evaluation","term":"evaluation","meaning":"Checking the response to care against the intended outcome.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-except","term":"EXCEPT","meaning":"Choose the option that does not fit the statement.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-exhibit","term":"exhibit","meaning":"Additional information supplied with a question.","tags":["item_mechanics"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-expected-finding","term":"expected finding","meaning":"A finding anticipated in the stated situation.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-extracorporeal-shock-wave-lithotripsy-eswl","term":"extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)","meaning":"Shock waves aimed through the skin to break a kidney stone into pieces small enough to pass in the urine. 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Choosing it is the client's decision and it can be reversed.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-huddle","term":"huddle","aliases":["huddles","safety huddle"],"meaning":"A short standing meeting of the shift team — a few minutes — to name what could go wrong today. Not a hand-off and not a formal report.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-hyperosmolar-hyperglycemic-state-hhs","term":"hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)","meaning":"Very high blood sugar with severe dehydration and little or no ketone production, usually in type 2 diabetes. The sugar is higher than in ketoacidosis and the fluid deficit is the emergency.","tags":["clinical"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["HHS"]},{"id":"glossary-hypothesis","term":"hypothesis","meaning":"A possible explanation that must be checked against evidence.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://nclex.com/clinical-judgment-measurement-model.page"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-hypoxemia","term":"hypoxemia","meaning":"Less oxygen than expected in arterial blood.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/8-2-basic-oxygenation-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-hypoxia","term":"hypoxia","meaning":"Insufficient oxygen available to body tissues.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/8-2-basic-oxygenation-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-ibuprofen","term":"ibuprofen","meaning":"A generic name for a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicine.","tags":["generic_name_candidate","candidate_only","no_brand_mapping"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002123.htm","https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682159.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-icu","term":"ICU","aliases":["intensive care unit","critical care unit"],"meaning":"Intensive care unit: the hospital unit for clients who need continuous monitoring and support of breathing or circulation. 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It stays for months or years and is used for chemotherapy.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["IVAD"]},{"id":"glossary-implement","term":"implement","meaning":"Carry out a planned action.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-improving","term":"improving","meaning":"Moving toward the desired condition.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-in-response-to","term":"in response to","meaning":"Because of, or following, a stated event.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-in-service","term":"in-service","aliases":["in service","inservice","in-service education"],"meaning":"A short training session for staff at work, usually on one procedure or one new piece of equipment.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-in-your-own-words","term":"in your own words","meaning":"Explain the meaning without memorizing the original wording.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps-program/curriculum/communication/tools/teachback.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-incentive-spirometer","term":"incentive spirometer","aliases":["incentive spirometry"],"meaning":"A handheld device a client breathes in slowly and deeply through, to open the small air sacs in the lungs. 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Its do-not-use list is what a US hospital's policy is written from.","tags":["us-system","medication"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["ISMP"]},{"id":"glossary-intake","term":"intake","meaning":"Fluid taken into the body through the routes being tracked.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-intake-and-output","term":"intake and output","meaning":"Fluids taken in and fluids leaving the body.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/15-2-basic-fluid-and-electrolyte-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-intermittent","term":"intermittent","meaning":"Starting and stopping rather than continuous.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/ccindex/everydaywords/index.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-international-unit-iu","term":"international unit (IU)","meaning":"A measure of biological activity rather than of weight, used for some vitamins, hormones and heparin. \"IU\" is on the do-not-use list because it can be read as IV or as the number 10: write \"units\".","tags":["abbreviation","measurement"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["IU"]},{"id":"glossary-interpreter","term":"interpreter","meaning":"A qualified person who conveys spoken or signed language.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/2-3-therapeutic-communication/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-interprofessional","term":"interprofessional","meaning":"Involving people from different health professions.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-intervention","term":"intervention","meaning":"An action taken to address a care need.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-intramuscular-im","term":"intramuscular (IM)","meaning":"Given into a muscle.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["IM","intramuscular"]},{"id":"glossary-intranet","term":"intranet","meaning":"A private computer network used inside an organization.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-intrauterine-growth-restriction-iugr","term":"intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)","meaning":"A baby growing more slowly than expected in the womb, usually because the placenta is not delivering enough. It is followed with ultrasound measurements and the baby is watched closely after birth.","tags":["clinical"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["IUGR"]},{"id":"glossary-intravenous-iv","term":"intravenous (IV)","meaning":"Given into a vein.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["IV","intravenous"]},{"id":"glossary-isbarr","term":"ISBARR","meaning":"Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation, Repeat-back: a structured handoff.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-iv","term":"IV","aliases":["intravenous","intravenously"],"meaning":"Intravenous — into a vein. The fastest route, and the one with no way to take a dose back.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-joint-commission","term":"Joint Commission","aliases":["The Joint Commission"],"meaning":"The private body that accredits US hospitals. Its National Patient Safety Goals — two identifiers, read-back, hand hygiene, the surgical time-out — are the source of many safety rules.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-jvd","term":"JVD","meaning":"Jugular venous distention: visibly enlarged neck veins, interpreted with the full assessment.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-kilogram-kg","term":"kilogram (kg)","meaning":"A metric mass unit equal to 1,000 grams.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/metric-si/unit-conversion/approximate-conversions-us-customary-measures-metric"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["kg","kilogram"]},{"id":"glossary-late-entry","term":"late entry","meaning":"A clearly labeled note entered after the event; preserve the event and entry times.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-lateral-position","term":"lateral position","meaning":"Lying on one side.","tags":["basic_care"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/13-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-least-likely","term":"least likely","meaning":"Has the lowest probability among the choices.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-least-restrictive","term":"least restrictive","meaning":"Limits freedom as little as possible while meeting the safety need.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/1-6-legal-considerations-and-ethics/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-licensed-practical-nurse-lpn","term":"licensed practical nurse (LPN)","meaning":"A nurse licensed for practical nursing; scope varies by jurisdiction.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://ncsbn.org/nursing-regulation/licensure/nurse-licensure-guidance.page"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["LPN","licensed practical nurse"]},{"id":"glossary-licensed-vocational-nurse-lvn","term":"licensed vocational nurse (LVN)","meaning":"The vocational-nurse license title used in some US states.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://ncsbn.org/nursing-regulation/licensure/nurse-licensure-guidance.page"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["LVN","licensed vocational nurse"]},{"id":"glossary-liter-l","term":"liter (L)","meaning":"A metric unit of volume.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/publications/nist-sp430-household-weights-and-measures"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["L","liter"]},{"id":"glossary-lithium","term":"lithium","meaning":"A generic medicine name used in mood-disorder treatment.","tags":["generic_name_candidate","candidate_only","no_brand_mapping"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681039.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-living-will","term":"living will","meaning":"A written document saying which treatments a person does and does not want if she cannot speak for herself. One kind of advance directive.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-long-term-care","term":"long-term care","aliases":["long term care","long-term care facility"],"meaning":"Ongoing help with daily living for someone who cannot manage alone, given for months or years rather than for an illness episode.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-magnesium","term":"magnesium","meaning":"A mineral involved in nerve, muscle, and enzyme function.","tags":["laboratory"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002350.htm"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-mandated-reporter","term":"mandated reporter","aliases":["mandatory reporter","mandated reporting","mandated report"],"meaning":"Someone the law requires to report suspected abuse or neglect. 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Who qualifies and what is covered differ by state.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-medical-record","term":"medical record","meaning":"The organized record of a patient's health and care.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/2-5-documentation/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-medical-surgical-unit","term":"medical-surgical unit","aliases":["medical surgical unit","medical-surgical floor","medical surgical floor","med-surg","med surg","medical-surgical"],"meaning":"The general adult inpatient ward, where clients recovering from surgery and clients with medical problems are cared for together. US nurses also call a ward a \"floor\".","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-medicare","term":"Medicare","meaning":"The US federal health insurance program for people 65 and over, and for some younger people with disabilities or kidney failure.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-medication-administration-record-mar","term":"medication administration record (MAR)","meaning":"The record of scheduled and administered medicines.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/2-5-documentation/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["MAR","medication administration record"]},{"id":"glossary-medication-reconciliation","term":"medication reconciliation","meaning":"Compare medication lists to identify and resolve differences.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-meq","term":"mEq","aliases":["milliequivalent","milliequivalents"],"meaning":"Milliequivalent — how electrolyte doses and levels are written, such as potassium 40 mEq.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-meq-l","term":"mEq/L","aliases":["milliequivalents per liter","mEq per liter"],"meaning":"Milliequivalents per liter: the unit US labs use for electrolyte levels — potassium 3.5–5.0 mEq/L, sodium 135–145 mEq/L.","source":["https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/potassium-blood-test/"],"tags":["us-system","abbreviation"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-metformin","term":"metformin","meaning":"A generic name for a medicine used in type 2 diabetes.","tags":["generic_name_candidate","candidate_only","no_brand_mapping"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696005.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-mg","term":"mg","aliases":["milligram","milligrams"],"meaning":"Milligram — one thousandth of a gram. The unit most oral and injected doses are written in.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-mg-dl","term":"mg/dL","meaning":"Milligrams per deciliter — the unit US laboratories use for glucose, creatinine and calcium.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-mg-kg","term":"mg/kg","aliases":["milligrams per kilogram"],"meaning":"Milligrams for each kilogram the client weighs. Multiply by the weight in kg — never by the weight in pounds.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-microgram-mcg","term":"microgram (mcg)","meaning":"One millionth of a gram.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/publications/nist-sp430-household-weights-and-measures"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["mcg","microgram"]},{"id":"glossary-milligram-mg","term":"milligram (mg)","meaning":"One thousandth of a gram.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/publications/nist-sp430-household-weights-and-measures"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["mg","milligram"]},{"id":"glossary-milliliter-ml","term":"milliliter (mL)","meaning":"One thousandth of a liter.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/publications/nist-sp430-household-weights-and-measures"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["mL","milliliter"]},{"id":"glossary-mini-mental-state-examination-mmse","term":"Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)","meaning":"A 30-point screening test of orientation, memory, attention and language. It is a starting point, never a diagnosis: 24 to 30 is unimpaired, 18 to 23 mild, 17 or below severe.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["MMSE"]},{"id":"glossary-ml","term":"mL","aliases":["milliliter","milliliters","millilitre","milliliters","cc"],"meaning":"Milliliter — a volume. One teaspoon is about 5 mL. Liquid doses are measured in mL with an oral syringe, never with a kitchen spoon.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-ml-hr","term":"mL/hr","aliases":["mL/h"],"meaning":"Milliliters per hour — the rate an infusion pump is set to.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-mmhg","term":"mmHg","meaning":"Millimeters of mercury — the unit for blood pressure and for pressures in a blood gas.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-mood","term":"mood","meaning":"A person's sustained emotional state.","tags":["mental_health"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-most-appropriate","term":"most appropriate","meaning":"The choice that fits the situation most closely.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-most-concerning","term":"most concerning","meaning":"The finding that raises the greatest concern here.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-most-likely","term":"most likely","meaning":"Has the greatest probability among the choices.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-ms-do-not-use","term":"MS (do not use)","meaning":"An abbreviation that means morphine sulfate to one nurse and magnesium sulfate to another, which is why it is on the do-not-use list. An order written \"MS\" is clarified with the prescriber, never guessed.","tags":["abbreviation","medication"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["MS","MSO4"]},{"id":"glossary-multiple-response-item","term":"multiple-response item","meaning":"A question that may require several selected responses.","tags":["item_mechanics"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-n95-respirator","term":"N95 respirator","meaning":"A respirator that filters at least 95% of airborne particles and has to be fit-tested to the wearer's face. It is what airborne precautions require, and a surgical mask is not a substitute.","tags":["infection_control","us-system"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/disp_part/default.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["N95"]},{"id":"glossary-naloxone","term":"naloxone","meaning":"A generic name for an opioid-antagonist medicine.","tags":["generic_name_candidate","candidate_only","no_brand_mapping"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a612022.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-national-institutes-of-health-stroke-scale-nihss","term":"National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)","meaning":"A scored neurological examination used in a stroke, from 0 to 42. A higher score is a bigger deficit, and the score is repeated to show whether the stroke is still changing.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["NIHSS"]},{"id":"glossary-nausea","term":"nausea","meaning":"The feeling that you may vomit.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/11-3-pain-assessment-methods/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-near-miss","term":"near miss","meaning":"An error caught before it reaches the patient.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/2-5-documentation/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-needs-further-teaching","term":"needs further teaching","meaning":"Shows a misunderstanding that needs more explanation.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps-program/curriculum/communication/tools/teachback.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-neonatal-intensive-care-unit-nicu","term":"neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)","meaning":"The unit that cares for newborns who are premature or sick. In US hospitals it is always called the NICU, said as \"nick-you\".","tags":["us-system","clinical"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["NICU"]},{"id":"glossary-new-onset","term":"new onset","meaning":"Beginning recently.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-ng-tube","term":"NG tube","aliases":["nasogastric tube","NG","nasogastric"],"meaning":"Nasogastric tube: a tube that goes in through the nose and down into the stomach, to feed a client or to drain the stomach.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-nonurgent","term":"nonurgent","meaning":"Not requiring an immediate response; still needs appropriate follow-up.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-nonverbal-communication","term":"nonverbal communication","meaning":"Messages conveyed through expression, posture, or gestures.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/2-3-therapeutic-communication/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-not","term":"NOT","meaning":"Reverses the statement; look for what does not apply.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-notify","term":"notify","meaning":"Inform the appropriate person.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps-program/curriculum/communication/tools/sbar.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-nph-insulin","term":"NPH insulin","meaning":"An intermediate-acting insulin that looks cloudy and is gently mixed before it is drawn up. It starts working in one to two hours and peaks in four to twelve, which is when a low sugar is most likely.","tags":["medication","us-system"],"source":["https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["NPH"]},{"id":"glossary-npo","term":"NPO","aliases":["nil by mouth","nothing by mouth"],"meaning":"Nothing by mouth: no food, no fluids, and usually no medicines by mouth either until the order says otherwise.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-nurse-manager","term":"nurse manager","aliases":["nurse managers","unit manager"],"meaning":"The nurse who runs a unit as a job, not as a shift: hiring, schedules, budgets and performance. Above the charge nurse, and the person a problem goes to when the shift cannot solve it.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-nurse-practice-act","term":"nurse practice act","aliases":["nurse practice acts","Nurse Practice Act"],"meaning":"The state law that defines what a nurse may legally do. It differs by state, and it outranks any unit custom or provider request.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-nursing-assistant","term":"nursing assistant","aliases":["nurse assistant","nursing assistants","nurse aide","nurses aide","certified nursing assistant","CNA","patient care technician","patient care technicians"],"meaning":"A trained helper who is not a licensed nurse. Bathing, feeding, moving a client, vital signs and intake and output can be assigned to one; assessment, teaching, evaluation and the plan of care cannot.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-nursing-diagnosis","term":"nursing diagnosis","meaning":"A judgment about a person's response to health needs.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-nursing-process","term":"nursing process","meaning":"Assessment, diagnosis, outcomes/planning, implementation, and evaluation guide nursing care.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-objective","term":"objective","meaning":"Observed or measured, such as a blood pressure reading.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-objective-data","term":"objective data","meaning":"Information observed or measured.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-obtain","term":"obtain","meaning":"Get the needed information or material.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/ccindex/everydaywords/index.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-ongoing","term":"ongoing","meaning":"Continuing over time.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-open-ended-question","term":"open-ended question","meaning":"A question inviting more than a yes or no.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/2-3-therapeutic-communication/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-oral","term":"oral","meaning":"Given through the mouth.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-order-set","term":"order set","aliases":["order sets"],"meaning":"A grouped list of orders a provider signs in one action for a common situation, such as admission to a unit.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-orientation","term":"orientation","meaning":"Awareness of person, place, time, and situation.","tags":["mental_health"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-orthopnea","term":"orthopnea","meaning":"Breathing difficulty that occurs when lying flat.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/8-2-basic-oxygenation-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-ounce-oz","term":"ounce (oz)","meaning":"A unit of mass; not the same as fluid ounce.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/metric-si/unit-conversion/approximate-conversions-us-customary-measures-metric"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["oz","ounce"]},{"id":"glossary-outcome","term":"outcome","meaning":"The patient result used to evaluate care.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-output","term":"output","meaning":"Fluid leaving the body through the routes being tracked.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-oxygenation","term":"oxygenation","meaning":"Providing oxygen to blood and body tissues.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/8-2-basic-oxygenation-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-pacu","term":"PACU","aliases":["post-anesthesia care unit","recovery room"],"meaning":"Post-anesthesia care unit: where a client is watched until she is awake, breathing on her own and stable after surgery.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-pain-severity","term":"pain severity","meaning":"How strong the pain feels to the patient.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/11-3-pain-assessment-methods/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-palliative-care","term":"palliative care","meaning":"Care that relieves suffering and supports quality of life.","tags":["basic_care"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/17-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-palpation","term":"palpation","meaning":"Use touch to assess body structures.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-panic","term":"panic","meaning":"An intense surge of fear with marked symptoms.","tags":["mental_health"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-partial-credit","term":"partial credit","meaning":"Points awarded for parts answered accurately.","tags":["item_mechanics"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-patient-controlled-analgesia-pca","term":"patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)","meaning":"A pump the client presses herself to give a set dose of pain medicine, with a lockout so a second press too soon gives nothing. Only the client presses it — never the family and never the nurse.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["PCA"]},{"id":"glossary-per-hour","term":"per hour","meaning":"For each one-hour period.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/metric-si/unit-conversion/approximate-conversions-us-customary-measures-metric"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-per-kilogram","term":"per kilogram","meaning":"For each kilogram of body mass.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/metric-si/unit-conversion/approximate-conversions-us-customary-measures-metric"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-percussion","term":"percussion","meaning":"Tap body areas and interpret the resulting sounds.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-percutaneous-endoscopic-gastrostomy-peg-tube","term":"percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube","meaning":"A feeding tube placed through the abdominal wall into the stomach with an endoscope. It is for long-term feeding, months or years, unlike a tube through the nose.","tags":["clinical"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["PEG"]},{"id":"glossary-percutaneous-endoscopic-jejunostomy-pej-tube","term":"percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy (PEJ) tube","meaning":"The same idea as a PEG tube, but the tip ends in the small intestine instead of the stomach. It is chosen when the risk of feed entering the lungs is high.","tags":["clinical"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["PEJ"]},{"id":"glossary-perfusion","term":"perfusion","meaning":"Blood flow through the body's tissues.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/8-2-basic-oxygenation-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-persistent","term":"persistent","meaning":"Continuing rather than going away.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/ccindex/everydaywords/index.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-personal-protective-equipment-ppe","term":"personal protective equipment (PPE)","meaning":"Equipment worn to reduce exposure to hazards.","tags":["infection_control"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/basics/standard-precautions.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["PPE","personal protective equipment"]},{"id":"glossary-pertinent","term":"pertinent","meaning":"Relevant to the problem or decision now.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-picc","term":"PICC","aliases":["PICC line","peripherally inserted central catheter"],"meaning":"Peripherally inserted central catheter: a long thin line put into an arm vein and threaded until its tip sits in a large vein near the heart. It can stay for weeks and takes medicines a small vein cannot.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-platelet","term":"platelet","meaning":"A blood component involved in clot formation.","tags":["laboratory"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-po","term":"PO","aliases":["per os"],"meaning":"By mouth. A route on a medication order: the client swallows it.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-pod","term":"POD","aliases":["postoperative day","post-operative day","post-op day"],"meaning":"Postoperative day: how many days it is since surgery. POD 1 is the first day after the operation, not the day of it.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-point-of-maximum-impulse","term":"point of maximum impulse","meaning":"The place on the chest where the heartbeat is felt most strongly.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-polymerase-chain-reaction-pcr","term":"polymerase chain reaction (PCR)","meaning":"A test that copies a tiny amount of a virus's or bacterium's genetic material until there is enough to detect. It finds the organism itself rather than the body's response to it.","tags":["laboratory"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["PCR","RT-PCR"]},{"id":"glossary-potassium","term":"potassium","meaning":"An electrolyte important in nerve, muscle, and heart function.","tags":["laboratory"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002350.htm"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-pound-lb","term":"pound (lb)","meaning":"A US customary unit of mass or body weight.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/metric-si/unit-conversion/approximate-conversions-us-customary-measures-metric"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["lb","pound"]},{"id":"glossary-pqrstu-pain-assessment","term":"PQRSTU pain assessment","meaning":"A way to ask about a symptom without missing anything: what Provokes and Palliates it, its Quality, where it Radiates, its Severity, its Timing, and how it affects U — you, the person.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["PQRSTU"]},{"id":"glossary-practical-nurse","term":"practical nurse","aliases":["practical nurses","licensed practical nurse","licensed practical nurses","LPN","LPNs","vocational nurse","vocational nurses","licensed vocational nurse","licensed vocational nurses","LVN","LVNs"],"meaning":"A nurse with a one-year US license, written LPN, or LVN in Texas and California. She is a licensed nurse — not an assistant — and she works under an RN. Mexico has no equivalent license, so there is nothing to translate it to. The ladder: a UAP may do tasks with no judgment in them (bathing, feeding, moving, vital signs, intake and output). An LPN or LVN may add most ongoing care and most medicines, and may gather findings. Only the RN may do the first assessment of a client, the teaching, the evaluation of whether care worked, and the plan of care — and only the RN may take a client who is unstable or newly admitted.","tags":["us-system","us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://www.ncsbn.org/public-files/NGND-PosPaper_06.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-prioritize-hypotheses","term":"prioritize hypotheses","meaning":"Rank possible problems by likelihood and urgency.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://nclex.com/clinical-judgment-measurement-model.page"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-priority","term":"priority","meaning":"The need or action that takes precedence.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-prn","term":"PRN","aliases":["pro re nata"],"meaning":"As needed. The order sets a reason and a minimum gap between doses; the nurse judges whether this dose is due.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-prn-order","term":"prn order","aliases":["prn orders","PRN","as needed order","as-needed order"],"meaning":"An order to be given only when the client needs it, with the reason and the shortest gap between doses written in — \"morphine 2 mg IV every 2 hours prn for pain\". From the Latin pro re nata. You decide whether this dose is needed; the prescriber decides the limits.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps/index.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-professional-boundaries","term":"professional boundaries","meaning":"Limits that keep the relationship focused on patient care.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/2-3-therapeutic-communication/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-prone","term":"prone","meaning":"Lying face downward.","tags":["basic_care"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/13-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-protected-health-information","term":"protected health information","meaning":"Identifiable health information covered by HIPAA privacy rules.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/privacy/laws-regulations/index.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-proximal","term":"proximal","meaning":"Closer to the trunk or point of attachment.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/13-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-pulmonary-function-test-pft","term":"pulmonary function test (PFT)","meaning":"A set of breathing measurements — how much air she can move and how fast — used to tell obstruction from restriction and to follow asthma and COPD over time.","tags":["clinical"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["PFT"]},{"id":"glossary-q4h","term":"q4h","aliases":["q2h","q6h","q8h","q12h","q24h"],"meaning":"Every so many hours, around the clock: q8h is every 8 hours, so three doses a day with 8 hours between them. \"Three times a day\" and \"q8h\" are not the same order.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-qid","term":"QID","aliases":["q.i.d."],"meaning":"Four times a day.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-radiating-pain","term":"radiating pain","meaning":"Pain that spreads from one area to another.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/11-3-pain-assessment-methods/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-range-of-motion","term":"range of motion","meaning":"The movement possible at a joint.","tags":["basic_care"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/13-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-rapid-response","term":"rapid response","aliases":["rapid response team","rapid response call"],"meaning":"A team a nurse can call for a client who is getting worse but has not arrested. Calling it is a nursing decision and needs nobody's permission.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-rapport","term":"rapport","meaning":"A relationship of trust and understanding.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/2-3-therapeutic-communication/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-rationale","term":"rationale","meaning":"The explanation for an answer or decision.","tags":["item_mechanics"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-read-back","term":"read-back","meaning":"Saying an order or a critical result back to the person who gave it, in their words, so both of you hear the same thing. Required for verbal orders and for critical lab values. It is a safety step, not politeness.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps/index.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["read back","reads back","read it back","repeat-back","repeat back"]},{"id":"glossary-reassess","term":"reassess","meaning":"Assess again after time or an intervention.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-reassessment","term":"reassessment","meaning":"Checking the patient again after a change or intervention.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-recognize-cues","term":"recognize cues","meaning":"Notice relevant information about the patient's situation.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://nclex.com/clinical-judgment-measurement-model.page"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-recommendation","term":"recommendation","meaning":"The proposed next step or requested response.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps-program/curriculum/communication/tools/sbar.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-recurrent","term":"recurrent","meaning":"Happening again after an earlier episode.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/ccindex/everydaywords/index.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-red-blood-cell-rbc","term":"red blood cell (RBC)","meaning":"A blood cell that carries oxygen using hemoglobin.","tags":["laboratory"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["RBC","red blood cell"]},{"id":"glossary-reference-range","term":"reference range","meaning":"The comparison interval supplied by the testing laboratory.","tags":["laboratory"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-reflection","term":"reflection","meaning":"Return the person's meaning or feeling for exploration.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/2-3-therapeutic-communication/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-refusal-of-treatment","term":"refusal of treatment","meaning":"A patient's decision not to accept a proposed treatment.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/1-6-legal-considerations-and-ethics/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-registered-nurse","term":"registered nurse","aliases":["registered nurses","RN","RNs"],"meaning":"The nurse licensed to assess, teach, evaluate and plan care, written RN. This is the license the NCLEX-RN leads to, and it is the role every question means by \"the nurse\". The ladder: a UAP may do tasks with no judgment in them (bathing, feeding, moving, vital signs, intake and output). An LPN or LVN may add most ongoing care and most medicines, and may gather findings. Only the RN may do the first assessment of a client, the teaching, the evaluation of whether care worked, and the plan of care — and only the RN may take a client who is unstable or newly admitted.","tags":["us-system","us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://www.ncsbn.org/nursing-regulation/practice/scope-of-practice.page"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-registered-nurse-rn","term":"registered nurse (RN)","meaning":"A nurse licensed for the RN role in a jurisdiction.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://ncsbn.org/nursing-regulation/licensure/nurse-licensure-guidance.page"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["RN","registered nurse"]},{"id":"glossary-reinforce","term":"reinforce","meaning":"Repeat and strengthen earlier teaching.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps-program/curriculum/communication/tools/teachback.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-related-to","term":"related to","meaning":"Connected with; not automatically proof of cause.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-report-immediately","term":"report immediately","meaning":"Communicate the finding without delay.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps-program/curriculum/communication/tools/sbar.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-requires-follow-up","term":"requires follow-up","meaning":"Needs another assessment or action.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-resident","term":"resident","aliases":["residents"],"meaning":"In US long-term care, somebody who LIVES in the facility. Charts and precautions tables say \"resident\" rather than \"patient\" in a nursing home or assisted living, and the care is the same care.","tags":["us_role_and_legal","us-system"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/long-term-care-facilities/hcp/prevention-tools/index.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-resolved","term":"resolved","meaning":"No longer present.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-respiratory-hygiene","term":"respiratory hygiene","meaning":"Measures that contain respiratory secretions and reduce spread.","tags":["infection_control"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/basics/standard-precautions.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv","term":"respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)","meaning":"The commonest cause of bronchiolitis in babies: a cold in an adult, a wheezing infant who cannot feed. It spreads by contact, so contact precautions and hand hygiene are what stop it.","tags":["clinical","infection_control"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npptl/topics/respirators/disp_part/default.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["RSV"]},{"id":"glossary-respiratory-therapist","term":"respiratory therapist","aliases":["respiratory therapy","respiratory therapists"],"meaning":"A licensed clinician who manages oxygen, nebulized drugs, airway clearance and ventilators. A separate profession from nursing, and a referral rather than a delegation.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-restating","term":"restating","meaning":"Repeat the main idea in other words.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/2-3-therapeutic-communication/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-restraint","term":"restraint","aliases":["restraints","physical restraint","physical restraints"],"meaning":"Anything that stops a client moving freely and that the client cannot remove — a device, a garment, or a hold. Defined by what it does, not by what it is called.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-return-demonstration","term":"return demonstration","meaning":"Ask the patient to show a taught skill.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps-program/curriculum/communication/tools/teachback.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-risk-evaluation-and-mitigation-strategy-rems","term":"Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS)","meaning":"A program the US regulator attaches to a few high-risk medicines. It can require the prescriber, the pharmacy and the client to enroll, and the medicine cannot be dispensed outside it — isotretinoin and clozapine are the usual examples.","tags":["us-system","medication"],"source":["https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["REMS"]},{"id":"glossary-root-cause-analysis","term":"root cause analysis","aliases":["root-cause analysis"],"meaning":"A structured review after a safety event that looks for the system failure behind it rather than for the person at the end of it.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-round-to-the-nearest-tenth","term":"round to the nearest tenth","meaning":"Report one digit after the decimal point.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/pml/owm/metric-si/unit-conversion/approximate-conversions-us-customary-measures-metric"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-rounds","term":"rounds","aliases":["rounding","hourly rounding","walking rounds"],"meaning":"Going from client to client on a set schedule to check on them. \"Hourly rounding\" means every client is checked at least once an hour.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-route-of-administration","term":"route of administration","meaning":"The way a medication enters the body.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-sbar","term":"SBAR","meaning":"Organize a report: situation, background, assessment, recommendation.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps-program/curriculum/communication/tools/sbar.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-scope-of-practice","term":"scope of practice","meaning":"Activities authorized by law, license, competence, and applicable rules.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://www.ncsbn.org/nursing-regulation/practice/decision-making-framework.page"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-seclusion","term":"seclusion","meaning":"Keeping a client alone in a room she cannot leave. Counted as a restraint, so it needs the same order, the same monitoring and the same documentation.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-select-all-that-apply","term":"select all that apply","meaning":"Choose every option that meets the question's condition.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-select-the-specified-number","term":"select the specified number","meaning":"Choose exactly the number requested.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-self-harm","term":"self-harm","meaning":"Intentional injury to oneself, with or without suicidal intent.","tags":["mental_health"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/1-6-safety/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-sentinel-event","term":"sentinel event","meaning":"A safety event that caused death, permanent harm or severe temporary harm. It triggers an investigation whatever the cause turns out to be.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-serosanguinous","term":"serosanguinous","meaning":"Thin, watery drainage mixed with a small amount of blood.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-sharps","term":"sharps","meaning":"Needles or other objects that can puncture skin.","tags":["infection_control"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/basics/standard-precautions.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-shift-report","term":"shift report","aliases":["change-of-shift report","bedside report"],"meaning":"The hand-off at the end of a shift, where the nurse leaving tells the nurse arriving what matters about each client.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-shortness-of-breath","term":"shortness of breath","meaning":"The feeling that breathing is difficult or insufficient.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/8-2-basic-oxygenation-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-side-effect","term":"side effect","meaning":"An effect additional to the intended main effect.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-silence","term":"silence","meaning":"A purposeful pause that gives space to respond.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/2-3-therapeutic-communication/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-single-answer-item","term":"single-answer item","meaning":"A question requiring one selected response.","tags":["item_mechanics"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-situation","term":"situation","meaning":"The current issue being communicated.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps-program/curriculum/communication/tools/sbar.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-skilled-nursing-facility","term":"skilled nursing facility","aliases":["skilled nursing facilities","SNF","nursing home"],"meaning":"A residence where licensed nurses give daily care — more than assisted living, less than a hospital.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-soapie","term":"SOAPIE","meaning":"Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan, Interventions, Evaluation: a format for a progress note.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-sodium","term":"sodium","meaning":"An electrolyte important in fluid balance and nerve function.","tags":["laboratory"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002350.htm"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-source-control","term":"source control","meaning":"Measures that limit infectious material leaving its source.","tags":["infection_control"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/basics/transmission-based-precautions.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-speak-up","term":"speak up","meaning":"Clearly raise a concern about care or safety.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps-program/curriculum/communication/tools/sbar.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-specimen","term":"specimen","meaning":"A sample collected for testing.","tags":["laboratory"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-sputum","term":"sputum","meaning":"Material coughed up from the respiratory tract.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/8-2-basic-oxygenation-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-stable","term":"stable","meaning":"Without significant deterioration at the time assessed.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-standard-precautions","term":"standard precautions","meaning":"Basic infection-prevention measures used for every patient.","tags":["infection_control"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/basics/standard-precautions.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-standing-order","term":"standing order","aliases":["standing orders"],"meaning":"A pre-written instruction that lets a nurse act in a defined situation without calling the provider first — within exactly the limits it states.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-stat","term":"STAT","meaning":"Right away. A STAT order is given before anything else that is scheduled.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-stat-order","term":"stat order","aliases":["stat orders","stat"],"meaning":"An order to be carried out immediately — from the Latin statim. Next in urgency is \"now\" (within minutes); then a routine order, which goes in the day's schedule.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps/index.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-stem","term":"stem","meaning":"The question text describing the situation and task.","tags":["item_mechanics"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-sterile","term":"sterile","meaning":"Free of viable microorganisms, including bacterial spores.","tags":["infection_control"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/basics/standard-precautions.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-stressor","term":"stressor","meaning":"An event or demand that produces stress.","tags":["mental_health"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/3-3-coping/","https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/3-1-introduction/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-stridor","term":"stridor","meaning":"A harsh sound suggesting upper-airway narrowing.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/8-2-basic-oxygenation-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-subcutaneous","term":"subcutaneous","meaning":"Given into tissue beneath the skin.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-subjective","term":"subjective","meaning":"Reported by the patient, such as pain or nausea.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-subjective-data","term":"subjective data","meaning":"Information reported by the patient or another person.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-sublingual","term":"sublingual","meaning":"Placed under the tongue for absorption.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-subq","term":"SubQ","aliases":["subcutaneous","subcutaneously","subcut","SC"],"meaning":"Subcutaneous — into the fat just under the skin. The route for insulin and for most low-molecular-weight heparin.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-substance-use-disorder","term":"substance use disorder","meaning":"A pattern of substance use causing significant impairment or distress.","tags":["mental_health"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/14-3-withdrawal-management-and-detoxification/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-sudden-onset","term":"sudden onset","meaning":"Beginning abruptly.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-suicidal-ideation","term":"suicidal ideation","meaning":"Thoughts about ending one's own life.","tags":["mental_health"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/1-6-safety/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-summarize","term":"summarize","meaning":"Briefly bring together the important points.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/2-3-therapeutic-communication/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-supervision","term":"supervision","meaning":"Overseeing performance and ensuring needed support and evaluation.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://www.ncsbn.org/public-files/NCSBN_Delegation_Guidelines.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-supine","term":"supine","meaning":"Lying on the back with the face upward.","tags":["basic_care"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/13-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-sympathetic-nervous-system-sns","term":"sympathetic nervous system (SNS)","meaning":"The half of the nervous system that prepares the body to act: faster heart, wider pupils, blood sent to the muscles. It is what a client in pain, in fear or in shock is running on.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["SNS"]},{"id":"glossary-tablespoon-tbsp","term":"tablespoon (tbsp)","meaning":"A volume unit distinct from teaspoon.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/publications/nist-sp430-household-weights-and-measures"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["tbsp","tablespoon"]},{"id":"glossary-tachypnea","term":"tachypnea","meaning":"Breathing faster than expected for the situation.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/8-2-basic-oxygenation-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-take-action","term":"take action","meaning":"Carry out the selected care actions.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://nclex.com/clinical-judgment-measurement-model.page"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-teach-back","term":"teach-back","meaning":"Ask the patient to explain instructions in their words.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps-program/curriculum/communication/tools/teachback.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-teaspoon-tsp","term":"teaspoon (tsp)","meaning":"A small volume unit; use the specified conversion in calculations.","tags":["measurement"],"source":["https://www.nist.gov/publications/nist-sp430-household-weights-and-measures"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["tsp","teaspoon"]},{"id":"glossary-telemetry","term":"telemetry","aliases":["telemetry unit","telemetry monitoring"],"meaning":"Continuous heart-rhythm monitoring sent from the client's body to a screen watched elsewhere. A \"telemetry unit\" is a ward where every client is on it.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-tenderness","term":"tenderness","meaning":"Pain caused by touching or pressing an area.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-therapeutic-communication","term":"therapeutic communication","meaning":"Communication that supports the patient's care and needs.","tags":["communication"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/2-3-therapeutic-communication/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-therapeutic-effect","term":"therapeutic effect","meaning":"The intended beneficial effect of treatment.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-therapeutic-monitoring","term":"therapeutic monitoring","meaning":"Checking the effects, safety, or blood levels of treatment as ordered.","tags":["clinical","us-system"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-tid","term":"TID","aliases":["t.i.d."],"meaning":"Three times a day.","tags":["abbreviation"],"source":["https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list","https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-time-out","term":"time-out","aliases":["surgical time-out","time out"],"meaning":"The pause right before a procedure where the whole team stops and confirms the client, the procedure and the site out loud.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-tko","term":"TKO","aliases":["to keep open","KVO","keep vein open"],"meaning":"To keep open: an intravenous rate just fast enough to stop the line clotting, usually 10 to 20 mL/hr. Written TKO, and sometimes KVO for keep vein open.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-topical","term":"topical","meaning":"Applied to a body surface for a local effect.","tags":["medication"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-transfer","term":"transfer","meaning":"Move between surfaces, such as bed and chair.","tags":["basic_care"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/13-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-transmission-based-precautions","term":"transmission-based precautions","meaning":"Additional measures selected for a suspected or known infection.","tags":["infection_control"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/basics/transmission-based-precautions.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-trauma-informed-care","term":"trauma-informed care","meaning":"Care that recognizes trauma and supports safety and choice.","tags":["mental_health"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/1-3-trauma-informed-care/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-trend","term":"trend","meaning":"A pattern across measurements over time.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-triage","term":"triage","aliases":["triaged","triaging"],"meaning":"Sorting people by how soon each one needs care, so the most urgent is seen first. Not the same as deciding how serious a problem sounds.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-unchanged","term":"unchanged","meaning":"Not different from the earlier observation.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/4-3-assessment/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-unexpected-finding","term":"unexpected finding","meaning":"A finding that does not fit what was anticipated.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-unilateral","term":"unilateral","meaning":"On one side of the body.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.cdc.gov/ccindex/everydaywords/index.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-units-l","term":"units/L","aliases":["units per liter"],"meaning":"Units per liter: the unit US labs use for enzyme levels such as AST and ALT.","source":["https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/liver-function-tests/"],"tags":["us-system","abbreviation"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-unless","term":"unless","meaning":"Except when the stated condition is true.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-unlicensed-assistive-personnel-uap","term":"unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)","meaning":"Trained support staff without a nursing license.","tags":["us_role_and_legal"],"source":["https://www.ncsbn.org/public-files/NCSBN_Delegation_Guidelines.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["UAP","unlicensed assistive personnel"]},{"id":"glossary-unstable","term":"unstable","meaning":"Changing in a way that may threaten safety.","tags":["clinical_judgment"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-upper-respiratory-tract-infection-uri","term":"upper respiratory tract infection (URI)","meaning":"A cold: the nose, throat and sinuses, almost always a virus. It does not need an antibiotic, and symptoms that get better and then worse again are what suggest something more.","tags":["clinical"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["URI"]},{"id":"glossary-urinary-retention","term":"urinary retention","meaning":"Failure to empty the bladder adequately.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/16-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-urine-output","term":"urine output","meaning":"The amount of urine produced over a measured time.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/16-2-basic-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-ventilation","term":"ventilation","meaning":"Movement of air into and out of the lungs.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/8-2-basic-oxygenation-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-verbal-order","term":"verbal order","aliases":["verbal orders","telephone order","telephone orders","phone order","phone orders"],"meaning":"A prescription given out loud instead of in writing, in person or by phone. You write it in the chart, read it back to the prescriber word for word, and the prescriber signs it later. Many US hospitals allow it only in an emergency.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps/index.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-verify","term":"verify","meaning":"Check that information is accurate.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps-program/curriculum/communication/tools/checkback.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-vital-signs","term":"vital signs","aliases":["vital sign"],"meaning":"The core measurements taken to check how a client is doing: temperature, pulse, breathing rate, blood pressure, and usually oxygen saturation and pain.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-void","term":"void","aliases":["voids","voiding","voided"],"meaning":"To urinate. \"Ask the client to void before the procedure\" means ask her to empty her bladder.","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-warfarin","term":"warfarin","meaning":"A generic name for an anticoagulant medicine.","tags":["generic_name_candidate","candidate_only","no_brand_mapping"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682277.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-wheezing","term":"wheezing","meaning":"A whistling sound from narrowed airways.","tags":["symptom_and_physiology"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingfundamentals/chapter/8-2-basic-oxygenation-concepts/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-whereas","term":"whereas","meaning":"Introduces a contrast between two facts.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.nclex.com/files/2026_RN_Test%20Plan_English-F.pdf"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-white-blood-cell-wbc","term":"white blood cell (WBC)","meaning":"An immune-system cell counted in blood tests.","tags":["laboratory"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/bloodcounttests.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null,"aliases":["WBC","white blood cell"]},{"id":"glossary-withdrawal","term":"withdrawal","meaning":"Symptoms after reducing or stopping a dependence-producing substance.","tags":["mental_health"],"source":["https://wtcs.pressbooks.pub/nursingmhcc/chapter/14-3-withdrawal-management-and-detoxification/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-withhold","term":"withhold","meaning":"Do not give or perform at this time.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK595006/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-worsening","term":"worsening","meaning":"Moving toward a more serious condition.","tags":["stem_word"],"source":["https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610818/"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null},{"id":"glossary-y-o","term":"y.o.","aliases":["yo","y/o","years old"],"meaning":"Years old. A chart shortens \"45 years old\" to \"45 y.o.\"","tags":["us-system"],"source":["https://medlineplus.gov/appendixb.html"],"reviewStatus":"machine-approved-pending-RN","reviewedBy":null,"reviewedAt":null}],"reviewPolicy":{"status":"machine-approved-pending-RN","clinicallyReviewedCount":0,"note":"Every entry was approved in one automated editorial pass, not term by term by a person. No registered nurse has reviewed the clinical content; that review is still pending."}}